相变材料是什么？

What is a phase change material?

相变材料(PCM - Phase Change Material)是指随温度变化而改变物质状态并能提供潜热的物质。转变物理性质的过程称为相变过程，这时相变材料将吸收或释放大量的潜热。例如水的相变过程（如图）：

Phase Change Material refers to a substance that changes the state of a substance with temperature changes and can provide latent heat. The process of transforming physical properties is called the phase change process. At this time, the phase change material will absorb or release a large amount of latent heat. For example, the phase change process of water (as shown in the figure):

相变材料具有在一定温度范围内改变其物理状态的能力。以固－液相变为例，在加热到熔化温度时，就产生从固态到液态的相变，熔化的过程中，相变材料吸收并储存大量的潜热；当相变材料冷却时，储存的热量在一定的温度范围内要散发到环境中去，进行从液态到固态的逆相变。在这两种相变过程中，所储存或释放的能量称为相变潜热。物理状态发生变化时，材料自身的温度在相变完成前几乎维持不变，形成一个宽的温度平台，虽然温度不变，但吸收或释放的潜热却相当大。

Phase change materials have the ability to change their physical state within a certain temperature range. Take the solid-liquid phase transition for example. When heated to the melting temperature, a phase change from solid to liquid occurs. During the melting process, the phase change material absorbs and stores a large amount of latent heat; when the phase change material cools, the stored Heat must be dissipated to the environment within a certain temperature range, and the reverse phase change from liquid to solid is carried out. During these two phase transitions, the stored or released energy is called the latent heat of phase transition. When the physical state changes, the temperature of the material itself remains almost unchanged before the phase change is completed, forming a wide temperature platform. Although the temperature does not change, the latent heat absorbed or released is quite large.

相变材料的应用

Application of phase change materials

由于外太空温度属于极寒或极热环境，对宇航员、航天器的保护要求非常严格，普通材料无法适应恶劣条件，因此，需要特殊材料进行保护。美国和前苏联科学家首先研制出相变材料，使得宇航员的服装、返回舱外壳等得以应用。该技术一直处于垄断地位。我国进入21世纪以来，经过科学家的不断努力，已经克服了关键技术部分，开始进行实际运用。

Because the temperature of outer space is extremely cold or extremely hot, the protection requirements for astronauts and spacecraft are very strict, and ordinary materials cannot adapt to harsh conditions. Therefore, special materials are required for protection. Scientists in the United States and the former Soviet Union first developed phase-change materials, which enabled astronauts’ clothing and return capsule shells to be used. The technology has always been in a monopoly position. Since my country entered the 21st century, through the continuous efforts of scientists, the key technology has been overcome and practical applications have begun.

家纺服装（Home Textiles）
在家纺服装领域，使用相变材料，将相变材料植入纤维中，可以极大的改变人们的生活质量，不使用任何能源，可以让普通衣服、床品变成微空调。

In the field of home textile clothing, the use of phase change materials and the implantation of phase change materials into fibers can greatly change people's quality of life. Without using any energy, ordinary clothes and bedding can be turned into micro air conditioners.

制冷设备（Refrigeration equipment）
传统制冷设备，如空调、冷藏车、冷库，均是采取压缩机制冷技术进行制冷，不仅耗电，而且不环保。采用相变技术，可以替代压缩机进行制冷，节能60%以上。

Traditional refrigeration equipment, such as air conditioners, refrigerated trucks, and cold storage, all adopt compressor refrigeration technology for refrigeration, which not only consumes electricity, but is also not environmentally friendly. Using phase change technology, it can replace compressors for refrigeration, saving more than 60% of energy.

通讯、电力（Communication, electricity)
在通讯、电力等设备箱（间）降温方面，相变材料可以节省设备成本75%以上。在通讯领域，已经广泛应用于通讯基站的机房、电池组间，使传统的一年寿命的设备可以延长到4年或更多。

In terms of cooling of equipment boxes (rooms) such as communications and power, phase change materials can save equipment costs by more than 75%. In the communication field, it has been widely used in the computer room and battery pack room of the communication base station, so that the traditional one-year life of the equipment can be extended to 4 years or more.

节能建筑(Energy-efficient buildings)

相变储能建筑材料兼备普通建材和相变材料两者的优点，能够吸收和释放适量的热能；能够和其他传统建筑材料同时使用；不需要特殊的知识和技能来安装使用蓄热建筑材料；能够用标准生产设备生产；在经济效益上具有竞争性。

Phase change energy storage building materials have the advantages of both ordinary building materials and phase change materials, and can absorb and release an appropriate amount of heat energy; they can be used simultaneously with other traditional building materials; no special knowledge and skills are required to install and use heat storage building materials; It can be produced with standard production equipment; it is economically competitive.

相变材料阻燃性测试报告

以上照片未经允许，不得转载！谢谢！

The above photos are not allowed to be reproduced without permission! Thank you!