相变材料(phase change materials)是一种具有特定功能的物质，它能在特定温度(相变温度)下 发生物相变化，材料的分子排列在有序与无序之间迅速转变，伴随吸收或释放热能的现象来贮存或放出热能，进而调整、控制工作源或材料周围环境温度，以实现其 特定的应用功能。目前，随着世界能源的日趋紧张，相变材料因其自身具有的特殊功能在太阳能利用、工业废热利用、节能、工程保温材料、医疗保健等领域都得到了广泛应用。

       Phase change materials (phase change materials) are substances with specific functions. They can undergo phase change at a specific temperature (phase change temperature). The molecular arrangement of the material changes rapidly between order and disorder, accompanied by absorption Or the phenomenon of releasing heat energy to store or release heat energy, and then adjust and control the working source or the ambient temperature of the material to realize its specific application function. At present, as the world's energy resources are becoming more and more tense, phase change materials have been widely used in solar energy utilization, industrial waste heat utilization, energy saving, engineering insulation materials, medical care and other fields due to their special functions.

      按照相变建材在建筑中的运用形式,即根据其在建筑中所属结构,相变建筑材料主要有以下用途:以石膏板为基材的相变储能石膏板,主要做外墙的内壁材料(如相变储能天花板);用保温隔热材料为基材来制备高效节能型建筑围护结构(如相变储能墙板);与室内地板相结合,简化地暖的控制系统(如相变储能采暖地板)。

     According to the application form of phase change building materials in construction, that is, according to the structure of the building, phase change building materials mainly have the following uses: Phase change energy storage gypsum board with gypsum board as the base material, mainly used as the inner wall material of the external wall (Such as phase change energy storage ceilings); use thermal insulation materials as substrates to prepare high-efficiency and energy-saving building envelopes (such as phase change energy storage wall panels); combine with indoor floors to simplify floor heating control systems (such as phase change energy storage wall panels). Variable energy storage heating floor).

      将普通建材与相变材料制成相变储能复合材料,能够减轻建材重量、大大降低房间室温波动、提高室内热舒适性和节能保温性能。今后相变建筑材料的研究将向着高效复合相变材料的方向发展。随着高分子技术的进步,相变复合材料的耐久性和经济性问题也将逐步得到解决,并最终导致其可以广泛应用于建筑节能领域。与此同时,有关相变材料对于基材结构的应力作用及其保温隔热性能的测定也将成为新的研究热点。

       Common building materials and phase change materials are made into phase change energy storage composite materials, which can reduce the weight of building materials, greatly reduce room temperature fluctuations, and improve indoor thermal comfort and energy-saving insulation performance. In the future, the research of phase-change building materials will develop towards the direction of high-efficiency composite phase-change materials. With the advancement of polymer technology, the durability and economic issues of phase change composite materials will gradually be solved, and eventually lead to its wide application in the field of building energy conservation. At the same time, the stress effect of phase change materials on the substrate structure and the measurement of thermal insulation performance will also become a new research hotspot.

      国外由于人们的节能环保意识和环保要求比国内要强些，相变材料在建筑上的实际运用也比较广泛，已形成了一条完整的产业链。上游以美国的杜邦、德国的Rubitherm等主导，下游为各种建材生产商和普通用户。反观国内相变材料的开发和运用比较晚，在建筑上的运用就更迟一些。但随着政府对节能减排的重视和对建筑材料防火等级的提高，相变材料在建筑领域的运用会迎来一个快速发展期.

       Because people's awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection and environmental protection requirements in foreign countries are stronger than those in China, the actual application of phase change materials in buildings is also relatively extensive, and a complete industrial chain has been formed. The upstream is dominated by DuPont of the United States and Rubitherm of Germany, and the downstream is a variety of building materials manufacturers and ordinary users. In contrast, the development and application of phase change materials in China is relatively late, and the application in architecture is even later. However, with the government's emphasis on energy conservation and emission reduction and the improvement of the fire protection rating of building materials, the application of phase change materials in the construction field will usher in a period of rapid development.

      总之,在构建节约型社会和创建环境文明的宏观政策下,新型建筑材料将逐步取代能源消耗多、环境污染大、重质建筑材料。随着高层建筑的发展,工程上对新型轻质建筑维护结构的要求越来越高,对建筑节能也将日益重视,这些都必将极大地促进相变储能复合材料的发展。

      In short, under the macro policy of building a conservation-oriented society and creating an environmental civilization, new building materials will gradually replace heavy building materials with high energy consumption, high environmental pollution and high environmental pollution. With the development of high-rise buildings, the engineering requirements for new lightweight building maintenance structures are getting higher and higher, and building energy conservation will also be paid more and more attention. These will greatly promote the development of phase change energy storage composite materials.